"A modern economist is used to measuring the 'standard of living' by the amount of annual consumption, assuming all the time that a man who consumes more is 'better off' than a man who consumes less. A Buddhist economist would consider this approach excessively irrational: since consumption is merely a means to human well-being, the aim should be to obtain the maximum of well-being with the minimum of consumption. . . . The less toil there is, the more time and strength is left for artistic creativity. Modern economics, on the other hand, considers consumption to be the sole end and purpose of all economic activity." -E.F. Schumacher "Small Is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered"
I just finished reading an updated/adapted version of the book Small Is Beautiful, which was written in the 1970's sometime. The one I read is called Small Is
Still Beautiful. It was absolutely mindblowing for me. The book speaks so much to so many of the problems in the world, specifically the Western world.
I think most of us are pretty good at pointing out problems, but it is something else to actually make the connections and try to provide solutions. So much of what I've taken to be harmless or only slightly excessive in our society now makes me sick after reading this book. One can get to thinking... "I'm being a good person if I'm not being mean to people too often, driving my car too much, and volunteering at such and such place. Plus, I think about how I can be a better person a lot too!" Well everyday we are screwing the environment, foreign markets, and the future generations by being good consumers. Unless you are growing your own food or buying strictly organic, most of what you eat has caused harm to animals and the land through habitat destruction, pesticide run-off, and cruel treatment of farm animals among other things. Even when you buy cage free or free range eggs that doesn't really mean much. To be termed free range, chickens just have to be outside of their cage for 10% of their day. (This is not exact, speaking from memory here, though I did read a WIKI about free-range yesterday) When you buy clothes or other products in this market, rarely does it come without having taken advantage of somebody in some way.
Those who have faith in the current direction of American society and economics may say... "What about free markets, or the invisible hand eventually bringing economic equality world wide? It's only a matter of time!" Well if the US is the pinnacle of global society, and our goal should be to make it so that the world can live and consume freely as we do here, we would consume
700% of the world's non-renewable resources
per year. (Learned that in the book.) That sounds too good to be true. Can't wait.
This week the people of Ireland voted down the EU proposition to centralize power in Brussels. Though it was a small victory, I was pretty happy. Europe is moving ever closer to homogeny and ever further from democracy. Democracy has never truly been able to work for a large scale population, and they are trying to make it bigger? Democracy is supposed to be so intimate that YOU make decisions! It's so out of touch now that you can't even punch your representative on the nose when he/she is messing up. The treaty in the EU would have given the EU power to make changes to the whole system
WITHOUT member country approval! Keep in mind how far that is from citizens approval, that's no approval from national governments!
For all the economic success the EU has thus far brought, it seems to have done a lot of harm. Moving back to environmental issues, the EU farm subsidies have caused a lot of problems. The EU started to pay farmers for producing more, so naturally farmers produced more and more and more. Farmers wanted to make as much money as possible, so they used more and more pesticides and opened up more and more fields at the cost of local wildlife. Eventually, the EU had to start stockpiles because of
OVERPRODUCTION, which oftentimes were just
DESTROYED to make room for more excess food. Give that food away to the needy maybe? Now the EU pays farmers NOT to produce. Also pretty crazy. Couldn't they do something better with the money? (Correct me if I'm wrong, but the US has had similar results with its subsidies experience.)
I'm not sure what needs to be done. I just know that the goal we are chasing is impossible and harmful. Some things that might help:
-More localized economies, meaning that we buy products produced locally with care by locals who care about the community. This means that the people procuding these things have a personal interest in the quality of their production methods, the product itself, and the way they treat their workers. If somebody isn't treating their workers right, the whole town will know. If you want to know if your eggs truly are free range, bike down the road and have a look. Also, that would lower shipping costs and environmental costs, as not as much gasoline and packaging is needed to do it all locally!
-More investment in research for greener technology, less investment in war and instruments of war.
-More small organic farming. Organically grown food is better for the environment and us, and having smaller farms means the animals are treated better and less natural wild-life is pushed away.
-Less suburbs. Choosing urban living has its benefits, so does the seclusion of rural/farm life. It's when one tries to have both by living in the suburbs that one burns more gasoline and cuts down more natural habitats.
-Taking the mentality that we aren't ABOVE the environment, rather that we are a PART OF it. This is pretty self-explanatory.
-One thousand other things.
The book and conversations with pretty knowledgable people helped me reach some of these conclusions, and until I'm convinced otherwise, I really believe in these ideas. It was a
REALLY GOOD book, and you should read it. In fact, you can borrow my copy.
Keep reading, loving, and living (note: living is not = to consuming.)